Birmingham, frequently referred to as the "Second City" of the UK, is situated in the West Midlands region of England. It is around 120 miles northwest of London and in the centre of the UK. Birmingham, the most populated city outside of London with a population of 1,150,000, is renowned for its cosmopolitan and diverse population. Since its humble beginnings as a tiny market town in the Middle Ages, the city has had a rich history. Birmingham grew considerably and became prominent as a manufacturing and innovation hub during the Industrial Revolution. The city shaped Britain's industrial landscape, especially in metalworking, jewellery, and glass manufacturing. For retail therapy, many people travel to the busy Bullring shopping centre. Renowned artists perform in shows of the highest calibre at the Symphony Hall, one of Europe's finest concert halls.